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Beijing is not possible to establish four grounds Capital Territory,adidas jeremy scott
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Editor's note: May 27, 2016,nike air max, the general secretary Xi Jinping hosted a Politburo meeting of the deployment planning and construction of Beijing city center of Beijing, Tianjin and further promote the coordinated development of the work. The meeting noted that the construction of Beijing city center, Beijing is not only adjust the spatial pattern of metropolitan governance disease, develop new space development needs, but also to promote the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, explore dense population economic development model and optimization needs.
By the party general secretary came forward to discuss a specific problem of urban construction, reform and opening up since the first meeting of the Politburo. Many market participants interpreted this signal, Tongzhou city center building means Municipio quietly come. Trend editors found intellectual Valley Research Center, Yan nine yuan articles made in 2015, the article synergies and international comparisons four detailed argument is based Capital Territory rumors from administrative system, urban structure, urban governance and Beijing, Tianjin and do not fly, thorough analysis, it is worth one look.
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Analysis: Intelligence Valley Trend Research Center Yan nine yuan
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Recently, rumors about the addition of up Capital Territory, a widely circulated version of the circle of friends that will be designated for the central straight pipe Beijing Fourth Ring Road, Beijing municipality jurisdiction is limited to the future than Victoria, but from the administrative system, city structure, Beijing, Tianjin and four urban governance and collaboration and international comparison, it is easy to determine that this rumor is not reliable.
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Administrative system
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China's current system of administrative divisions, and not to leave space Capital Territory.
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The capital of most of the world countries, are to set up a single administrative division (may be called provinces,louboutin soldes été 2011, states,gucci bracciali, municipalities and all), but there are individual capital, based on morphology Capital Territory of existence, its regional straight by the central government, a typical such as the US District of Columbia (DC), the Australian capital territory (Canberra) and the like. Let stand for Chinese Version Capital Territory, in essence, also advocated the establishment of a similar American DC like administrative divisions.
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However, China has the conditions to establish whether such an administrative division of it?
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First, the US, Australia and other part of the federal government set up only Capital Territory, federal and relevant state. As the states of the Commonwealth of the federal government to maintain impartiality between the states, the federal government needs to be placed outside of any state, and the delineation of a smaller fixed territory. And China is not the need for so-called neutral country located in the midst of the land does not belong to any of the provincial administrative divisions, land is not the way to contract together, so there is no central government by the various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities federalism.
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Secondly, China's "Constitution" in Capital Territory did not give leave institutional space, so if you want to set up a new administrative division,occhiali da sole celine, need to go through the procedure to modify the constitution.
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Third,louboutin occasion, the institutional choice Capital Territory of view, there are two options, one of the options is the capital of the SAR as the central government agency, another option is to make the capital of the SAR itself as a real provincial governments. Both forms are inappropriate.
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If Capital Territory as a central government agency, you can not set up Capital Territory provincial people's congresses, governments, Capital Territory itself already is the agency of the State Council, the NPC can not be re-elected (United States District of Columbia have no congressmen ), in other words, if the establishment capital Territory citizens capital Territory under the present arrangements for indirect electoral system, it will be virtually impossible to exercise the right to vote and to be elected. To solve this problem, the only way is to permanent residents of the capital within the region continue to be in the form of Beijing municipality residents who participate in the elections and demographics continue to be included in Beijing relevant administrative, in effect, is formed in the central government agency Capital Territory Beijing Municipal Government and the dual management structure.
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If you want to avoid the embarrassment of the foregoing, the capital of the SAR itself can be used directly as a special provincial administrative divisions. But if Capital Territory itself is an administrative division equivalent to artificially split into two municipalities, Beijing, and the Capital Territory itself no longer as a State Department agency, which also features a straight tube greatly reduced, it is clearly not realistic.
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Urban Structure
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From the point of view of both the Urban Structure of Beijing, the city core area independent unrealistic.
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About Capital Territory range, currently more common, there are two versions, one is bounded by the City of Victoria, the capital of the SAR within the Fourth Ring, outside the Fourth Ring Road in Beijing municipality; the other is to the east of the city and Xicheng limit, currently positioned as capital function core area of Dongcheng, Xicheng, DC as outside the capital, something the city as Beijing municipality.
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These two arguments, the City of Victoria, said inside and outside more clearly do not fly.
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First, the function is highly concentrated in urban Beijing within the Fourth Ring. Beijing Economic six functional areas (Zhongguancun, Financial Street, CBD, Economic Development Zone, airport economic zone, the Olympic central area), there are three (Zhongguancun, Financial Street,giubbotti woolrich, CBD) located wholly or partially within the Fourth Ring. This region accounted for three of the six functional areas, the number of employed population accounted for 76%, operating income accounted for 79%, while profit accounted for ninety percent. If all internal to the City of Victoria Capital Territory assume narrow capital function, then only two outcomes, either related to the economic function requires large-scale emigration, which takes the cost of manpower and material resources are unthinkable; or is these economic functions continue to maintain the status quo, the new Beijing municipality will fall into the hollow of the economic dilemma, few residents of many industries, the total economy, per capita GDP will be reduced at the end of the four municipalities, even as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, as well as some of the more strong second-tier cities (such as Wuhan, Chengdu).
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In addition, the park's special status, but also makes the City of Victoria to the boundary dividing Beijing is not realistic. Employees Zhongguancun National Innovation area, revenue and gross profit accounted for 54 percent of Beijing six major functional areas of the economy, 52% and 30%, respectively. Zhongguancun area itself is a sixteen park, located in the core area of Northwest Fourth Ring Road and just north and south, if the City of Victoria is bounded to Beijing again split, Zhongguancun will become a trans-provincial park management coordination greatly increased the difficulty, obviously not conducive to Beijing Science and Technology Center and construction of the national strategic goal of global innovation center.
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So if it is east of the city, Xicheng District merged Capital Territory region as it? This possibility is also very small.
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First, while most of the central state organs located in Dongcheng, Xicheng, but things did not gather all of the capital city functions. One of the central leaders of the residence Yuquan Mountain, and the Central Party School, the National Defense University in Beijing, as well as most of the military organs are located in Haidian District, (even located outside the City of Victoria), mostly in the diplomatic district, Chaoyang District, if these new Capital Territory the political function of the capital can not be unified integration, meaning itself is significantly impaired.
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Secondly, something inside the city,nike free tr twist, the central state organs in terms of area or number of staff are absolutely minority. According to statistics, the central authorities in Beijing, the total number of civil servants do not exceed 40 million people, less than one-fifth of the total number of employees in the industrial city of thing. In other words, within the scope of what the city, the capital and political functions directly related to the civil service, the total number accounted for no more than 15% in Beijing city overall pattern of things in the city, the economy is very prominent.
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?chart
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From the graph, you can even glance this situation. Something Beijing city resident population accounted for 10.3%, but employees accounting for up to 18.2%, GDP accounting for as much as 22.4%. What proportion of the city's public revenue is higher than the proportion of expenditure, and much higher than the proportion of investment in fixed assets. Beijing advocates capital function core area of straight pipe believe that Beijing will inject too many resources in the central region is a factor restricting the development of Beijing outside the city, but in fact, from the financial resources and the financial resources to invest in Beijing, and the city center not dominant.
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The financial industry as one of the most important pillar industry in Beijing, 53.57% of its value in two districts created something the city. In Beijing needs to strictly control foreign population, the total city what the city is only 6.6%, far lower than the proportion of the resident population in the city of 10.3%.
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Beijing municipal government has always attached importance of high-end industries, in the form of so-called headquarters economy presents, according to 2013 census data, the focus of Beijing headquarters economy is still something the city.
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Xicheng,alviero martini occhiali da sole, Dongcheng District Headquarters and the number of units, the number of employees accounted for roughly 23% of Beijing city, but 73% of the total assets of the city's Beijing headquarters economy (mainly affected by large financial institutions headquarters), operating income and total profit respectively accounting for 33% and 70%. In other words, even the things the city has focused on high-end economic functions of Beijing, the city if something as a so-called Capital Territory, these functions is almost impossible to peel or relocation, and Beijing Capital Territory around the city will be showing something between Headquarters Economy very complex game pattern. To put it plainly, in order to maintain the development of the new municipality of Beijing, the capital of the SAR must be given a large amount of transfer payments in Beijing, such coordination difficulty is very large.
Beijing, Tianjin and urban governance and collaboration
From the perspective of urban governance, the new Capital Territory is not easy.
First, if the establishment Capital Territory, is fully integrated in the future Beijing almost all important municipal utilities will cross between the SAR and the new capital of Beijing municipal administrative divisions (such as Beijing Subway Line 1, Line 4, Line 5, line 6, etc.), the management and coordination more complex. Especially some existing utilities Beijing itself through PPP model construction (such as Beijing Subway Line 4), once the next set called Capital Territory, related assets, again split between Beijing and the Capital Territory, creating more confusion .
Moreover, the capital of the SAR and Beijing municipalities Once isolated, the administrative divisions between the two provinces, once the inadequate coordination, the relationship between the SAR and the capital Beijing may even copy the original instead of focusing on the relationship between Beijing and Hebei, and may even break inside the Beijing city Tau Road, non-convergence and so on. If you want to avoid the foregoing problems, may end in the area of infrastructure, but also to return to the harmonization of the old road of Beijing,louboutin souliers plat, the Capital Territory meaning greatly reduced.
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Second, of course, solve the Beijing Capital Territory in the face of Tianjin, Hebei high above problem, but also make Beijing resources at their disposal significantly reduced. Beijing, Tianjin and coordinated strategy, Beijing outward evacuation function of course is a very important aspect, but also need to play in Beijing itself economic radiation power and influence,louboutin mariage, lead Tianjin, Hebei overall development. If the establishment Capital Territory, greatly weakened the economic strength of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region to assume the function of an engine for development, it may be inadequate.
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Meanwhile, in the case of big government has not completely changed the environment, of resources into new trends in approaching Capital Territory Beijing municipality will not reverse in changing between Beijing, Tianjin and three existing economic imbalances not much help.
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Third, education, medical, and other resources in Beijing itself is highly concentrated in what city. If something city to Capital Territory,louboutin homme, the original cross redistribution of resources, will become the relocation resource reallocation across provincial administrative regions, the central city of educational, medical facilities but the frequency increased resistance. If the place is divided in accordance with the existing pattern of public services of education,new balance 574, health care and other so-called capital within the region will be extremely high, and the new public resources will be more intense Beijing municipality, a city that in fact the same place, but the treatment one thousand other senior state poles is unacceptable.
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Fourth, Beijing, Tianjin and coordinated development strategy itself is based on breaking the administrative division, promoting the free flow of resources between Beijing, Tianjin, and Beijing in the interior subdivided out two administrative divisions, and to break the administrative division of the high-level policy orientation is contrary.
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International Comparison
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From an international perspective, the typical set up special national capital region are the United States, Australia,louboutin pigalle prix boutique, Brazil. Beijing populated area and what the city and the state capital of these three, briefly listed below:
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From the area, the city of Beijing something small that is smaller than Washington, Canberra and Brasilia, the capital, especially if the real establishment of district, special district will become a city within a city rare in the world. In fact, Washington, Brasilia and Australia all have independent functions of the city, the city is not attached to other cities within a city.
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From the demographic point of view,louboutin femme, Beijing has too many things the city's population, the resident population of the city of Beijing things although only 2.213 million, but the registered population of nearly 2.4 million. Population size in the household registration in the city is not something local resident had 700,000 more than the entire Washington or Canberra, how to manage this part of the population in the capital after the establishment of special zones, will be enormous practical challenges. Beijing city working population coupled with things gathered, Beijing city what the actual daily population far beyond the capacity of even 300 million people, more than the Federal District of Brasilia.
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In other words, the floor area of the newly established Capital Territory on urban governance function incomplete; and from the population point of view, the size of the newly established Capital Territory agencies can not possibly be too small, but also faces many challenges of governance.
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in conclusion
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Through the above analysis of four aspects, we can clearly conclude that Chinese version of the possibility of substantially zero DC.
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However, the recent wave of rumors about the Beijing Municipal Government dongqian not groundless, there is no merit.
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First, the central government or municipal level party and government organs Eastward motion of Tongzhou, already exists. This move is mainly to solve two problems, one is the central state organs and the Beijing party and government organs excessive concentration in central Beijing,ed hardy bracciali, the city function overwhelmed; the other is to be moved eastward through government agencies, to further promote the city of Tongzhou construction sub-center.
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From an historical perspective, the layout of the central state organs, showing heavy east west light pattern on the whole, and if the central government in Beijing to choose the party moved to Tongzhou, Beijing party and government organs apparently migration easier. From the experience of other cities, the relocation of the municipal government is to promote the construction of new fast track best practices, Chongqing, Chengdu and other cities in order to develop a national New Area, the city government will choose to move to the new district.
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To Beijing, the demand for the development of new urban areas is very urgent. Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing three municipalities were borrowed from the Pudong, Binhai New Area, three national and two rivers to achieve a substantial expansion of urban development, and since Beijing has not formed both secondary and tertiary industries and commercial functions of the Metro district, the city center features too concentrated, Tongzhou, Changping and other urban development zone sleeping city phenomenon obviously, the Beijing Tongzhou geopositioning city center for many years, Tongzhou sleeping city phenomenon no noticeable change.
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Currently, the best time to push Beijing Tongzhou sub-center building. On the one hand, the development of Beijing Tongzhou itself strong will, on the other hand, the central feature is a strong push Beijing evacuation. Tongzhou sub-center building is not only the highest political level to meet the requirements of reducing the burden of the downtown Beijing, but also to further promote the Beijing-Tianjin line, including the overall development near Langfang, Tangshan and other areas, so that Beijing and Tianjin, Jingtang, Beijing Gallery, etc. to form a strong development support belt, change the past, relying solely on the major urban centers of urban development pattern of dots, which for Beijing, Tianjin and synergistic strategies, especially of great significance and is located near the Tongzhou Langfang north county (three Rivers, manufacturers,marc jacobs occhiali da sole, Xianghe) development.
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The Beijing center city whether there will be a new adjustment of administrative divisions, does not rule out the possibility. Existing Dongcheng District, Xicheng District, respectively, on the original East Side, Xicheng, Chongwen and Xuanwu districts combined two, then combined to form the city even if things Old Town, the area is not large, far less than the Haidian, Chaoyang and Fengtai . In recent years,hogan interactive uomo, other cities by merging the old city, central city governance optimization practice a lot, such as Guangzhou's Yuexiu, Dongshan merger, Shanghai, Huangpu, Luwan merger, Canglang Suzhou, Pingjiang, Jinchang are combined, they are based on this logic, by the administrative division of the city center to be integrated, comprehensive distribution center city resources, improve the efficiency of the central city governance.
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